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初中英语知识点-主谓一致介绍

来源:学大教育     时间:2015-06-10 19:38:40


我们都知道在各个科目的学习中,对必考知识点进行归纳总结可以有效地帮助我们的学习,在初中英语中当然也不例外。针对初中英语的学习,我们学大教育专家为大家带来了初中英语知识点-主谓一致介绍,希望可以更好地帮助同学们对于初中英语这门学科的学习。

一、主谓一致应遵循的规则:

1.语法形式上的一致:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。例如:

Jane and Mary look healthy and strong.The number of mistakes was surprising.

2.意义上一致:

1) 主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。

例如:The crowd were running for their lives.单数形式表示复数意义的词有people,police,cattle,militia等。

2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。 例如:The news was very exciting.

形复意单的单词有news,works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名.称,如physics,politics,mathematics等。

3.就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or,either…or,neither...nor,not only…but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如:

Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.

二、主谓一致应注意的几个问题:

1.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;由or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如:Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is OK.这一个或那一个都行。

2.以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义,谓语通常用单数形式,如news,maths,physics等,例如:No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。

3.a number of+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;the number of +复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例:A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。The number of the students is over eight houndred. 我们学校学生数超过800人。

4.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如:This pair of shoes is Tom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。There are two glasses of wather on the table. 桌上有两杯水。

5. the+形容词表示一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐,富人却过得不快乐。

6.以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上,谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如:There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。

7.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,

nobody,no one,nothing作主语,谓语动词用单数,例如:Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗?Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。

8. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下:a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物;a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物。例如:The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)

The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)

9. people,police等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式,若指一个具体成员时,谓语动词复数形式。例如:People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。

10.many a+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式。例如:Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

11. more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。

12. 表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度,数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,这些通常作一个整体概念,谓语用单数形式。例如:Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。

13. 主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and(each/every/no)+单数名词时,谓语动词用单数。例如:Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

14. one and a half+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。

15. 动词不定式,动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:To see is to believe 眼见为实Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。

16. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。

17.当主语部分含有with,toge ether with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。

18.分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us . Ten percent of the apples were bad .  The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants .

19. 不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished.

All of the people have gone.

20. 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意:在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only, 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. He was the only one of the students who was late for school.

初中英语知识点-主谓一致介绍,在上面文章中我已经进行了详细的分析整理,希望同学们在初中英语学习的过程中,好好地利用我们所提供的知识。

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